?? ?? (PA News)? ??? ????? ?? ?????? 1868? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??/??? ??? ??? ????. PA ??? 500? ??? ?? ??/????? ?? ?? 2,000??? ??? ???? ????.

 News aktuell? 1989?? ??????, 1994??? dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur ??? ???? ???? ????. dpa? ??/ ???? 50? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ?????. News aktuell? ????, ??????/???? ??? ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? SDA? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?? ??? APA? ???? APA OTS? ?? ???? ???? ?????. News aktuell? ?? ???? ???, ??/??? ????, IR ??? ?????.

 PR Newswire? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??? AFP (Agence France Presse)?? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? PR Newswire? ????? AFP? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ????.

 The Dutch News Agency?1935?? ?????? 1996??? PR Newswire? ???? ??? ?? ????. PR Newswire? 2001? 6 ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? Pers Support? 50%? ??????.

 1981?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? Belga? ?? ???? ????. Belga? PR Newswire ????? ?????, ????, ??? ?? ??????.

 ?? ???? ??? ??? aktuell AG? Schweizerische Depeschenagentur AG (SDA)? Deutsche Presse Agentur (dpa)? ??????. 2000?? ??? ??? ??? aktuell AG? SDA 50%, news aktuell ? 30%, dpa ? 20% ? ???? ????. 800? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???/PR ?????? ??? ???? ?? news aktuell? ???? ????.

 PR Newswire? ????? Presse Agentur (APA)/news aktuell? ?? ??? ??????. APA? ????? ??? 850? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.

 Europa Press? ??? ??? ?? ????????. 1957?? ??? Europa Press? 1995?? ?? ???? ??????.

 Immediapress? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???/??? ??? Adnkronos Group? PR ???? Adnkronos Comunicazione? ?????. ???? ??? Adnkronos ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? Immediapress? Adnkronos ?? ????, 11,000? ????? ???Immediapress? ????, 35 ? ?? ??? ??? ??, Teletext of Mediaset Television/Wap? ?????. ? ?????? ???? ????? 3,000? ??? ???/5,000?? ????, ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????.

 PR Newswire? Tidningalnas Teleglambyra (TT)? ????? ?? ????. TT? ?? ??? ????? 140?? ?? ???? ?????.

 Edmundo dos Santos? Lucilia Filipe? ????? UNS Portugal? ???? PR Newswire? ??? ?????? ?????.

 ???? ?? ?? ????? PAP? 1918?? ?????? 1999? PR Newswire? ???? ?????.

 1818?? ??? CTK (?? ?? ?????)? ??/?? ????? ??? ???? ? ??/????? ???? ?????. 1999??? PR NEWSWIRE ???? ?????.